Creating an Artifact Aging of Worlds Population Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Old is like being increasingly penalized for a crime you haven t committed (Perceiving Old Age, 2009). When we are young or in middle age, there is someone to guide when we are going astray. Moreover, we have the power to help others, take care of ourselves and face the complex problems surrounding us. As soon as we grow old, we become helpless as there is no one to guide us and we become impotent in helping ourselves or others. The artifact that I am creating revolves around helping those in their old age and the medium through which I will characterize my artifact is a website. The basic objective of the artifact is to reduce loneliness in old age. In order to achieve my objective, the senior citizens should know how to use the internet. However, there is a vast majority of elderly people who do not know how to use it. In order to educate senior citizens about the purpose of the internet, the benefits of it and provide training in using the internet, I will need volunteers who can sign up through my website. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating an Artifact: Aging of Worlds Population or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Income Inequality The Perspectives Of Marx And Weber Essay

Income Inequality in American Society: The Perspectives of Marx and Weber In the United States, income inequality is drawing more and more attention from the media, sociologists, politicians, and everyday citizens like us since the economic difference during the past decades became more pronounced than before. Karl Marx and Max Weber both discussed their ideas of social inequality and addressed the relationship between inequality and social structure as an important theme in their work. This paper compares and contrasts the approaches of Marx and Weber to the issue of inequality in American society. The discussion includes their arguments concerning how stratification in society influences income inequality and distinguishes their predictions about its trends. According to Marx’s theory, social stratification is created by unequal property relations and by people s differing relationship to the means of production: either they own productive property or they provide labor for others. In a capitalist society, the bourgeoisie, or the ruling class, owns the means of production, such as tools, machines or resources that can be used to produce commodities or objects with value. The proletariat, or the working class, possess no means of production other than their own labor power, which they sell to the bourgeoisie in order to earn wage and survive. However, Marx believed that the capitalist economic order would corrode eventually, through its internal conflict between twoShow MoreRelatedTheories of Social Inequality Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Social Inequality In briefly evaluating the classical and modern explanations of social inequality, it is essential that we step outside the realm of our own lives, class position, and discard any assumptions we might have about the nature of inequality. This process of critical pedagogy allows us to view our world, not from our perspective, but from a wider, more critical analysis of inequalitys nature. Also, it should be considered within this wider perspective that all theoriesRead MoreSimilarites Between the Theories of Max Weber and Karl Marx874 Words   |  4 Pages Max Weber and Karl Marx have often been regarded as influential theorists who both analyzed in how the society is constructed in relationship to its economic conditions, more specifically on the division of labour. Both the labour and economics create a force on how societies are shaped and because of that Weber and Marx each developed a unique theory on how individuals react and how societies are formed. Many individuals say that, Marx and Weber both analyzed similar ideas however, they both hadRead MoreSocial Stratification1349 Words   |  6 Pagesstratification is vertical hierarchical arrangement which differentiate people as superior or inferior. Societies are stratified in three ways which are,1) Social Class; 2) Racial and Ethnic stratification; and 3) Gender. 1) Social Class: According to Karl Marx, Class society is based around a primary line of division between two antagonistic classes, those who owns the means of production and those who do not own. Comer added to it in 1978 â€Å"Social Class implies having or not having the following: individualRead MorePolitical, Religious, And Social Institutions861 Words   |  4 Pageswas her claim that when studying society, one has to focus on all aspects of it. She emphasized the importance of examining political, religious, and social institutions. Martineau believed that by studying society in this way, one could infer why inequality existed. She also was the first to create a systematic method of qualitative data; through observation. Using qualitative data is tremendously important because one is able to examine complex questions that can be difficult with quantitative methodsRead MoreAnalysis Of Harriett Martineau s Work On The Political Economy856 Words   |  4 Pageswas her claim th at when studying society, one has to focus on all aspects of it. She emphasized the importance of examining political, religious, and social institutions. Martineau believed that by studying society in this way, one could infer why inequality existed. She also was the first to create a systematic method of qualitative data; through observation. Using qualitative data is tremendously important because one is able to examine complex questions that can be difficult with quantitative methodsRead MoreContemporary Theory: Stratification Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 Pages(242). Through this, the basis of stratification arises from the fundamental works of the forefathers of sociology, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim each establishes a foundation as â€Å"almost all contemporary stratification theory and research in sociology traces itself back, in some fashion, to one of these three† (Bowles 2013). From this it can be seen how Marx, Weber, and Durkheims views on stratification vary from one another. Each classical sociologist theory on stratificationRead MoreCompare and Contrast Marxist and Weberian Theories of Stratification1525 Words   |  7 Pagesfeatures, claims and perspectives of both Karl Marx and Max Weber. O’Donnell (1992) defines social stratification as â€Å"the division of a society or group into hierarchically ordered layers. Members of each layer are considered broadly equal but there is inequality between the layers.† Functionalist Durkheim (1858-1917) argued that the reason for the existence of stratification was because it was functional or beneficial to the order of society. According to Browne et al (2009), Karl Marx (1818-83) theorisedRead MoreMarx, Emile Durkheim, And Max Weber : The Unjust Theory Of The New World1470 Words   |  6 Pages Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber were all born from a middle-class background in Europe. First Karl Marx was born in (1818-1883), Durkheim (1858-1917), and Max Weber (1864-1920) was close to Durkheim in age, but forty years later after Marx. Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber are the most essential theorist of the nineteenth century whose theories are well known today. Their thinking was based on the rising of the preindustrial, and industrial revolution society. Europe went throughRead MoreSociology1681 Words   |  7 Pagestheories (Marxism, Weber theory and functionalism) of social class .Following this, it will look at the changes of social class. Finally, it will discuss weather the class of Britain will be dead. Theories of social class There are three basic theories which can explain social class in the sociology history. Marxism was established by Karl Marx(1813-1883).Marx explained that a social class is a group of people who have common relationship to the means of production. For Marx (2008:26), societyRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1663 Words   |  7 PagesSocial theorists have differing perspectives along with analysis about the nature of the society that we live in. Karl Marx and Max Weber were two world renowned social theorists who both looked at the world in similar and contrasting ways and have helped shape the world that we live in today. Marx and Weber analyzed the transformations of society that resulted in similarities along with differences, explaining the nature along with causes of the transformation which helps other theorists come up

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisement free essay sample

Everybody knows today there are so many inventions in the world. One of them is advertising. According to Leo Burnett, â€Å"Good advertising does not just circulate information. It penetrates the public mind with desires and belief. † Advertising is a communication whose is to form potential customers about various product and services. Businesses use advertisement to sell their products. However, advertising has advantages such as increasing the sales and large-scale distributing capabilities. On the other hand, it also has disadvantages such as polluting the environment and confusing the buyers. The main advantage of advertising is having more choices. Without advertisement would have fewer choices for buyers. Advertisements inform people about the choices they have. Also, customers tell about their products with advertising. Today there are a lot of electronic firms in the world, for instance, iPhone, Samsung. For example, if consumers want to buy electronic goods such as computer or telephone then, they can research and learn a lot of information about the firms with the advertisement. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can help consumers find better goods with the advertisement. Another advantage of advertising is about work. Today to find the work is difficult but advertising gives people opportunities for which there would be high employment. People can find work very easily because of advertising. Advertising is a creative industry that employs a lot of people. So many kinds of people can work in the advertising. For example, if firms want to create an advertisement they need workers such as designers, cartoon makers. Because this worker can create very unusual advertising and attract the consumers. The first disadvantage of advertising is pollution. Pollution is increasing day by day and advertising affect increasing the pollution. Because people have been cutting the tree and preparing the advertising paper. It caused by the air pollution. Also, advertisers stick the advertisements on the wall then some people break and throw in the street. It is the reason for the surrounding pollution.Another negative aspect of advertising impacts on children. Children can easily be influenced by advertisements. Today children can see a lot of advertising on the TV or on the internet. Some advertisements are useful, some are harmful, but most of them to attract the children. There are so many toys or products advertising which influences the children badly. For example, chips it is very harmful to children health but when they see the chips advertisement then they put pressure on parents to buy the products.In conclusion, although advertising indeed gives people a lot of advantages by creating more job opportunities, it has also made the Earth dirtier, and people life confused. However, people have free markets in the world and advertising is necessary for free market economies.

International business

Introduction International business refers to the commercial transactions or trade activities that usually take place between two or more countries. Commercial transactions entails a wide range activities that are carried either by the governments of the nations or the private investors who may be conducting business at an international level with other investors in other countries (Rugman brewer 2003, p.105).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International business – challenges and opportunities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On a broader context, international business incorporates all business activities that entail crossing national boundaries through transaction of goods, services or exchange of resources between two or more nations. International trade between different countries is always a mutual relationship that is primarily defined by diplomatic relations that exist between the participating co untries. Different countries have different diplomatic relations with other countries and this significantly determines international trade; bad diplomatic relations between two countries or regional countries impairs international trade between the countries. The foreign policies of a given nation also play a significant role in determining the participation of a given nation in international trade (Feenstra 2004, p. 56). The onset of international business was primarily influenced by the increasing globalization which harmonized global relations between various countries; which saw various companies scale their operations to international levels subsequently leading to the rise of multinationals such as coca-cola. Some companies merged with other companies in different countries so as to use the available opportunity to increase their sales at international level (Gabriele 2008, p. 87). International divisions International divisions play a significant role in determining relation ship that exists among different countries and subsequently affects international business. International divisions are determined by a wide range of factors that are primarily defined by social, political, economic and to some extent geographic factors. The diversity in social and economic factors among different countries plays an important factor in determining the international trade trends between different countries and regional alliances and sometimes affects intercontinental trade (Feenstra 2004, p. 55).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the social factors that that are responsible for international divisions include religion, culture, geographical orientations and governance and economic structures. The international divisions play a significant role in determining the international relationships of a country. The market policies of a given country determine t he international trade patterns that the country undertakes (Pressroom 2010, p. 56). Challenges in international business There are a number of challenges that are associated with international business. Some of the challenges that affect the local business also affect the international business at the same capacity. The challenges are dynamic and vary in nature according to the participating countries and the type of goods and services that the countries trade in. A challenge in itself is the way the participating countries establish strategies to approach the global trade challenges. Global markets are faced with various impediments ranging from the structure of the global financial markets to the foreign policies of the participating countries. Cultural, political and institutional diversities and complexities still play a big part in determining international trade patterns as they have been since the onset of international trade. Other upcoming concerns in the international bus iness include the climatic changes, rise of international terrorism and international fraud, just to name a few. One of the challenges that significantly affect international trade is the formulation of the global trade strategies and the execution of the established strategies. The administrators and policy makers who are solely responsible for facilitating international trade always impair the process of global business (Taylor 2007. P. 39). The various policies always have an effect on the patterns of global business and in most scenarios, the stringent policies does not favor the development of international trade. There are a large number of businesses that have the potential of carrying out their business operations on a world wide scale but on a few manage to gain international recognition due to the lack of proper international paradigms that only tend to favor a few international companies. The main challenge is in the global business management; the present global manageme nt requires more than just ordinary management in order to make international business run smoothly without any impairments. The current trend however is indicating some improvements with the rise of professionals taking up management positions (Taylor 2007. P. 40). Another challenge that greatly affects the international business is foreign politics. Foreign politics largely defines the way a given countries relates with other countries on an international platform.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International business – challenges and opportunities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The present foreign policies that have been adopted by a significant number of countries do not favor the sustainability and growth of international business (Moore Harris 2010, p. 27). The policy makers of international policies put stringent measures such as taxes and rules and regulations that must be followed in order to carry out international business between private investors or the international trade between the participating countries. These stringent rules and measures that are deployed at the borders or during the transit or exchange goods and services between the various countries always tend to impair international trade as they do not provide standardized international paradigms. Political disarray significantly affects the nation’s financial system and this greatly affects international trade (Moore Harris 2010, p. 27). Economic and financial challenges also play a significant part in impairing the sustainability and development of international trade. The organization of resources to initiate international business depends vastly on the variations in the international currency rates, international financial crisis or economic depression among the participating countries and especially the host nation, variations in the oil rates at the global arena, international price variatio ns such as rising and subsequent falling off price of various commodities that are known to attract international attention, and the export rules that are associated with the exporting or host country and the import rules that are present on the partnering countries (Oliver 2008, p. 126). All these factors serve as impairment to the development of international trade and its sustainability. A recent blow to international trade is the global recession and economic depression that was witnessed by many countries and particularly the unites states of America and in other European countries; this was accompanied by a major decline in international business activities. Another challenge that international business faces is through the increased cost of conducting international business. Costs that are incurred during international transactions range from the cost of trading the goods or services such as tariffs and quotas to costs that entail direct ownership such as the involvement of f oreign personnel in the global trade, taxations and costs due to corruption in the international business system. The above named factors significantly affect the equilibrium of the international market structure; which is not suitable to sustain and facilitate the growth of international business transactions (Moore Harris 2010, p. 30). In order to beat the challenges that are associated with international business, the various countries have to implement several measures and policies that are directed towards the facilitation and improvement of international trade. The participating countries should therefore abide by a given set of norms that that serve to govern the logistics that are associated with international business transactions (Oliver 2008, p. 123).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Key opportunities in international trade International trade greatly relies on the factors that harmonize global relationships between the various countries. The opportunities that facilitate the growth and sustainability of international business can be viewed from a social, economic, physical and infrastructural perspective. All the factors that attempt to harmonize the equilibrium of the global market serve as an opportunity to facilitate the growth and sustainability of international trade (Diamond 1995, p.36). The onset of globalization was a major significant step towards the realization of international trade. Some key issues that facilitated the growth of international trade include the technological advancements that are associated with the information age of the late 20th century. One of the key opportunities that facilitated the onset, and continued sustainability and growth is globalization. Globalization is fully responsible for the interdependence of countries which ul timately resulted to the integration of business transactions on a global level (Moore Harris 2010, p. 35). Globalizations also resulted to integration of people and ideas at an international level and this provides a healthy environment to sustain the growth of international business transactions and cross border trade activities. The integration due globalization is widely evident due to international investments that various multinationals exploited and cross border financial flows. Evidence suggests that globalization has contributed greatly to the rise and growth of international trade (Moore Harris 2010, p. 35). The onset of globalization harmonized cultural differences between the various countries and this presented an opportunity for exchange of resources between different countries (Diamond 1995, p.36). Another opportunity for the sustainability and development of international trade is the technological advancements that have been associated with the rise of information age during the late 20th century (Sawyer Sprinkle 2006, p.27). The technological developments especially the onset of the internet and the World Wide Web provided a great platform to facilitate international business through the use of online platforms; what is commonly being referred to as e-commerce. Online business defies geographical orientations which may pose a barrier to the development of international trade. Technological advances lowered the costs that are associated with transportation, marketing, and communication at the global basis. Advances in technology made it economically feasible for a multinational company to establish the different phases of production at different nations; this greatly promoted the rise of international trade because it scaled the operations of the various international companies on a global basis (Moore Harris 2010, p. 27). The liberalization of the global markets also presented an opportunity for the development if international business. This paved way for the rise of open markets with fewer government restrictions which in turn increased the private sector involvement in international business transactions (Indira Stone 2004, p. 39). Economic liberalization was due to the need for countries to be globally competitive in terms of international trade which in turn facilitated the development of international business between different countries on a global basis. Liberalization of global markets played a significant role in ensuring the flexibility of global financial markets in terms of both trade and capital markets. Liberalization of the market facilitated exports and imports between different countries (Indira Stone 2004, p. 42). Generally other opportunities that facilitated the growth of international trade include the increased privatization, free markets, the development of international financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The development of regional alliance s such as the Common wealth and European Union saw the rise in international trade (Sawyer Sprinkle 2006, p.27). Conclusion International business primarily requires the interaction of different government agencies. This implies that it is mostly affected by the government relations rather than the technological advancements and the onset of globalization. With regard to this, participating countries should establish appropriate policies to govern the foreign relations with other countries. International business is vital for the development of any country through exports and imports which results to foreign income and at the same time facilitating the acquisition of resources that the country lacks (Indira Stone 2004, p. 34). However, care should be taken when balancing the tradeoffs between the imports and exports in order to avoid cases of inflation (Taylor 2007. P. 54). References Alan, M. R Thomas L. B., 2003, The Oxford handbook of international business, London: Oxford Uni versity Press. Diamond, E. D, 1995, Contemporary challenges: American business in a global economy, New York: New York University Press. Feenstra, C. R., 2004, Advanced international trade: theory and evidence, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Gabriele, G. S., 2008, International business under adversity: a role in corporate responsibility, conflict prevention, and peace, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Indira, C. Stone, P., 2005, International trade law, New York: Routledge. Moore, G., Harris. L., Trade and Technology Policies. P. 27. Web. Oliver F. W., 2008, Peace through Commerce: Responsible Corporate Citizenship and the Ideals of the United Nations Global Compact, Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press. Press room, 2010, Challenges confronting international trade. Web. Sawyer, C. W. Sprinkle, R. L. 2006, International Economics (second Ed), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Taylor, S., 2007, Major Challenges Confronting the International Trading System. Web. This essay on International business – challenges and opportunities was written and submitted by user Adriana Downs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. International Business Introduction The term International business refers to companies having business operations in different nations across the globe. Globalization has made it possible for many countries particularly the developing and the underdeveloped nations to expand and receive foreign investments in their countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The WTO alongside the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) among other trade negotiations has largely contributed to reductions of barriers in many nations globally (Ezeani, 2011, p. 120). The World Trade Organization (WTO) has played a significant role in the globalization by ensuring that different nations irrespective of their classes trade with each other without difficulties. Since its inception, the World Trade Organization’s primary focus has been promoting the development of economies and trade across t he world. It has achieved this by developing policies to govern the system of the world trade. The organization also ensures that the countries involved in world trade adhere or follow the rules of trade treaties that the members of the World Trade Organization sign. These rules focus on liberalization. This encourages and guides economic globalization. This paper critically evaluates how the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been successful in achieving its objectives in Jordan. Literature review The World Trade Organization has been successful in achieving its objectives in many countries across the world. According to researchers, there is no other global organization that is involved in rules of international trade apart from the WTO (Bossche, 2008, p. 59). As aforementioned, the organization ensures that barriers to international trade are liberalized to ensure free and easy trade between nations all over the world. For instance, the trade agreements signed by WTO member count ries confirm some of the efforts of the World Trade Organization in its attempts to promote the development of economies and international trade between nations (Langhammer Lücke, 2000, p. 10). The organization’s primary responsibility is policing the system of international trade and ensuring that nations follow the rules signed by the organization regulations is very vital in globalization and international trade. Five years ago, more than a hundred and fifty countries across the globe, which accounted for approximately 97%, were members of the World Trade organization (Hoekman, English, Mattoo World Bank, 2002, p. 78). The World Trade Organization has continued to reduce barriers to both international trade and foreign direct investments. Many companies can invest in foreign countries without difficulties due to reduced barriers of foreign direct investments. This way, these companies view the whole world as their market, and not a single nation as the outlet of thei r commodities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Going international is part of the core competencies of many organizations in gaining a competitive advantage over their competitors (Wolfrum, Stoll, Koebele Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 2008, p. 53). Most multinationals easily access technology, skilled labor and gaining different techniques among other resources for their businesses. Initially, the developed countries dominated the power of negotiation, but due to the support of the WTO, the underdeveloped and the developing countries have taken an active part in the negotiations. More than 75% of both the underdeveloped and the developing world are members of the World Trade organization. There are very many achievements that the World Trade Organization has attained since its inception. The organization has eroded both the non-trade and trade barriers (Stoll, Schorkopf Wolfrum, 2006, p. 24). Many countries and multinationals operate their businesses without facing severe challenges like they did before its establishment. The WTO has out-performed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), considering that it has a wider frontier in governing trade than the GATT (Koul, 2005, p. 104). The world trade organization has added an intellectual property system to its operations, making it overtake the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. It has developed policies that enhance economic and international trade development (Wolfrum, 2006, p. 29). The WTO has and is still making the trading environment of its member countries more sustainable than before. Unlike the GATT, the WTO has shown competency of dealing with trade disputes through its rules that govern all operations across the borders (Bown, Pauwelyn, 2010, p. 220). Jordan and the World Trade organization The World Trade Organizati on (WTO) has a significant role to accomplish in changing the economic status and trade in Jordan. In this country, the public sector dominates the economy. However, there have been changes lately, considering that the free market agenda has been introduced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), which reduces the involvement of governments in matters of trade (Hoekman, English, Mattoo World Bank, 2002, p. 55). The policies of globalization outlined by the WTO have ensured that the role of the public sector is reduced, and hence creates an opportunity for direct foreign investments. Despite the fact that globalization awareness is still low in Jordan, the efforts of the WTO have increased the economic growth of the country. Globalization institutions have emerged, and their role is to mentor the economic course of Jordan (Chaudhary Ahmed, 2004, p. 120).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More This country has had several problems in the past which have impacted it negatively in terms of trade and economy. For instance, the September 11 attacks, recession, political instability, and war with India, among other problems contributed to a decline or slowed economic growth. The Jordan government took several initiatives to curb these problems. It for example, introduced programs of alleviating poverty, allowed private investors in the country and introduced tax and financial reforms in the country. These were aimed at improving the economy (Herdin, Hofbauer, Lang Conference, 2005, p. 59). The primary economic sectors in Jordan include textiles and agriculture (Ingco, 2003, p. 27). The World Trade Organization (WTO) has played a significant role in shaping the Jordan’s economy and improving international trade. The WTO has abolished trade barriers in Jordan and hence allowing foreign direct investors in the country. The policies of the Wor ld Trade Organization require countries to have an MFN status (Stoll, Schorkopf Wolfrum, 2006, p. 39). Through the provision of a Most Favored Nation (MFN) status, countries cannot discriminate others on trade related issues. Jordan is a member of the WTO countries and therefore, has to follow the rules it signed together with the other member countries. There are very many multinationals currently operating in Jordan. This has been instrumented by the efforts of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which ensures that there are no barriers or non-barriers of trading in this country. The WTO’s rules are the primary factors influencing Jordan to reduce its import duties to by more than 50% (Vermulst Graafsma, 2002, p. 336). As aforementioned, Jordan depends on its two principal economic sectors, which are textiles and agriculture. These two account for more than 60% of the country’s export earnings. Settling trade disputes is one of the significant roles that the World T rade Organization plays. This organization ensures that all the member countries enjoy or benefit from a fair and non-discriminative trade. Jordan is a good example to attest this. The WTO ensures that the developed world, the underdeveloped, and the developing world exchange goods and services in a fair and equitable manner. For instance, the influence of the developed nations such as the US on World Trade Policies (WTP) that devastate the underdeveloped and the developing world was abolished (BuÃŒ rca, 2002, p. 34).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The developed nations used to influence the WTO policies to favor them. Jordan faced devastating times when the US led policies that promoted making food available by trading (Hufbauer, Burki Peter, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2006, p. 74). This made it impossible for Jordan to be self-sufficient in terms of food availability. Compared to developed countries, Jordan lacked enough resources or knowledge on the rules of World Trade Organization. This made it possible for Jordan to incur huge costs paying international lawyers. The case of Basmitti Rice between the United States and India where the DSB of the World Trade Organization favored India confirms this (Wolfrum, 2006, p. 185). With the sole patents, India ensured that the rice exported from Jordan used Basmitti till the patent rights were settled. This clearly shows how trade disputes affect the developing nations. With the support of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of WTO, Jordan, a developing country i s now able to access food from the global market without any barriers (Shaffer MeleÃŒ ndez-Ortiz, 2010, p. 184). It can also actively negotiate and have its’ complaints or suggestions considered by the World Health Organization. The WTO also uses Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) in promoting fair and equal trading among the member countries (Babu, 2012, p. 300). The TRIPS also help other corporations in Jordan by protecting their rights. It allows knowledge sharing by both the foreigners and the indigenous people. Jordan has gained a lot from WTO basing on knowledge sharing (Perdikis Read, 2007, p. 100). After eroding barriers of international trade, Jordan has seen a lot of foreign direct investors come into the country with new technologies and ideas. The foreign investors come with finance, technologies, and expert knowledge and experience. The multinationals in Jordan have also in various ways influenced the way people perceive things, and h ence enhanced cross-cultural practices. The foreign nationals also learn a lot from the indigenous population. These exchanges also contribute to the growth of the Jordan economy. Competition of domestic and foreign corporations in Jordan is high due to reduced or abolished barriers of trade by the WTO. This is very significant for the nation, particularly in improving its economy. For instance, it has led to improved infrastructure in the country, the introduction of different goods and services, creation of employment, and improved living standards among others. All these confirm how multinational companies have directly impacted on the Jordan’s poverty level (Macrory, Appleton Plummer, 2005, p. 161). The World Trade organization has been the key facilitator to these achievements. Recommendations and conclusion The WTO plays a significant role in ensuring that all countries’ trade within the global market without barriers, and hence increases the opportunities of tr ade across borders. It is recommendable for the WTO to provide ways and connect with all countries irrespective of their status in providing information and supporting them as they trade internationally. This will help some countries particularly the underdeveloped, and the developing to be treated fairly and equitably in the global market. This will ensure that the strong economies are not the only ones benefiting from the WTO. For instance, the WTO should continue to handle trade disputes to make international trade a success, it should develop laws to govern the international trade and ensure that the developed countries are not the only ones benefiting in the trade. However, it should not only focus on trade; the WTO should include economies so that the whole world can become one in terms of economic development instead of being divided into states. It should attract non-governmental organizations to participate in the trade. Most importantly, the WTO should establish more secre tariats than the current ones as this will help the organization monitor all activities pertaining to international trade and globalization. List of References Babu, RR 2012, Remedies under the WTO Legal System, BRILL, Leiden. Bossche, P 2008, The law and policy of the World Trade Organization: Text, cases, and materials, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Bown, CP Pauwelyn, J 2010, The law, economics and politics of retaliation in WTO dispute settlement, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. BuÃŒ rca, G 2002, The EU and the WTO: Legal and constitutional issues, Hart Pub, Oxford. Chaudhary, MA Ahmed, E 2004, Globalization: WTO, trade and economic liberalization in Jordan, Ferozsons, Lahore. Ezeani, EC 2011, The WTO and its development obligation: Prospects for global trade, Anthem, London. Herdin, J, Hofbauer, I, Lang, M Conference 2005, WTO and direct taxation: [†¦ joint conference†¦ in Rust (Austria) from July 8 – 11 2004], Linde, Wien. Hoekman, B, En glish, P, Mattoo, A World Bank 2002, Development, trade, and the WTO: A handbook, World Bank, Washington. Hoekman, B, English, P, Mattoo, A World Bank 2002, Development, trade, and the WTO: A handbook, World Bank, Washington. Hufbauer, GC, Burki, SJ Peter G, Peterson Institute for International Economics 2006, Sustaining reform with a US-Jordan free trade agreement, Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC. Ingco, MD 2003, Agriculture, trade, and the WTO in South Asia, World Bank, Washington, DC. Koul, AK 2005, A guide to the WTO and GATT: Economics, law, and politics. The Hague: Kluwer law international. Langhammer, RJ Lücke, M 2000, WTO negotiations and accession issues for vulnerable economies, Institut für Weltwirtschaft ander Universität Kiel, Kiel. Macrory, PFJ, Appleton, AE Plummer, MG 2005, The World Trade Organization: Legal, economic and political analysis, Springer, New York. Perdikis, N Read, R 2007, The WTO and the regula tion of international trade: Recent trade disputes between the European Union and the United States, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Shaffer, GC MeleÃŒ ndez-Ortiz, R 2010, Dispute settlement at the WTO: The developing country experience, Cambridge University Press, New York. Stoll, PT, Schorkopf, F, Wolfrum, R 2006, WTO – World economic order, World trade law, Nijhoff, Leiden. Vermulst, E, Graafsma, F 2002, WTO disputes: Anti-dumping, subsidies and safeguards, Cameron May, London. Wolfrum, R 2006, WTO – institutions and dispute settlement, Nijhoff, Leiden. Wolfrum, R, Stoll, P-T, Koebele, M Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht,.2008, WTO–trade remedies, Martinus Nijhoff Pub, Leiden, the Netherlands. This essay on International Business was written and submitted by user Mathew E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. International Business International Business

QUIZ Which Type of Career Fits Your Personality Best

QUIZ Which Type of Career Fits Your Personality Best Is there such a thing where you can find a job that would best fit your personality? Well before you take that plunge in your new possible career you should know what job would best fit. Are you cut out to be in a 9 to 5 or are you meant to work on your terms and be your own boss? This quiz is the perfect opportunity to see if your personality matches your current career or if you’re thinking about switching this can help with your decision.  Source [Playbuzz]

Health Care in Colombia Essay Sample

Health Care in Colombia Essay Sample Medicine in Colombia Essay Example Medicine in Colombia Essay Example Colombia is a developing country located in the northern part of South America. The country experiences regular social and economic difficulties such as the armed conflict in the 20th century and the current illegal drug trade. This state of affairs also contributes to high rates of disease transmission and health risks among the country’s major population groups. Colombia is selected for the analysis as it is reasonable to determine the impact of the above and other negative factors on the health condition of various gender and social groups. Moreover, it is necessary to examine the effectiveness of the governmental measures aimed at minimizing the transmission of diseases. Healthcare System in Colombia Finally, the relevant nursing implications should be formulated. This will allow determining the key health priorities and the corresponding interventions necessary for addressing the existing challenges. In general, the health situation in Colombia is very difficult, but it can be improved considerably if proper interventions are designed. Location/Geography Colombia is located in the northwestern part of South America. It borders with the following countries: Panama, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador. It also has maritime borders with other countries. There are six major environmental regions in the country. They are very different according to their climate characteristics. The regions include both the Andes mountain region and the Amazon rainforest one. Colombia also corresponds to the Ring of Fire – the region of the world where substantial volcanic eruptions occur regularly. It creates substantial risks for the population, and the government has to direct major resources towards preventing the potential negative consequences. There are many large rivers in the country. The main ones are Cauca, Magdalena, Atrato and Guaviare. The problem of deforestation also exists, but its scope is lower in comparison with other countries from this region. Population The current population of Colombia is approximately 48 million people. Colombia is the third most populated country in the region (after Brazil and Mexico). The country is characterized by the stable increase of its population over the recent years. Government Colombia is the traditional presidential democratic republic. This form of the government is included in the country’s 1991 Constitution. The usual division of powers into the legislative, executive and judiciary branches is present in the country. The President of Colombia performs the functions of both the head of state and government. In such a way, he/she utilizes the opportunities of the executive branch to the maximum possible extent. Congress represents the major element of the national legislative branch. It has two Chambers: the Chamber of Representatives and Senate. Four-year terms are used for selecting both representatives and the President. There are four high courts in the country that form the major element of the judicial branch. The country is divided into 32 administrative departments and one capital district. Local governments are organized in all departments, and concentrate on satisfying the needs of the local population. Economy The Colombian economy has demonstrated high rates of economic growth in the 20th century. The country has become much more urbanized and industrialized than in previous historical periods. The current national GDP is $377.7 billion (The World Bank, 2015). The country is characterized by stable and positive rates of economic growth. They are presented in Fig. 2 (Trading Economics, 2015). The country is characterized by a sustainable economic growth. Although the rates of economic growth are not significantly high (the maximum rate is 2.7%), the country has all chances to avoid recession as of the previous several years, and the overall standard of living tends to increase. The largest fraction of the country’s GDP is generated by insurance, finance, real estate, and business services. At the same time, the impact of manufacturing and construction industries is also considerable. Moreover, taxes in Colombia are high, and they do not allow actual and potential entrepreneurs to receive the desired amounts of profit. It also contributes to the growth of illegal drug trade in the country and similar problems. Despite these economic difficulties, the country’s GDP per capita has a stable and positive dynamics. It is presented in Fig. 3. The population’s standards of living tend to increase. Taking into account that the country’s population also increases, Colombia shows a very serious economic progress. However, the current GDP per capita is around $4,500, and it is a comparatively low level even for developing countries (Trading Economics, 2015). It means that Colombia should facilitate its economic development to reduce the gap between its economy and those of developed countries. Colombia enjoys a strong position in terms of developing alternative sources of energy. Renewable sources constitute the largest fraction of energy produced in the country. In particular, hydroelectric generation is well-developed in the country. Colombia has one of the most efficient green energy sectors in the world. However, the innovation potential in other spheres of the national economy is still low. Thus, the Colombian government tries to minimize the existing misbalances of the national economy through declining the fraction of illegal trade and balancing the interests of the private and public sectors. However, the substantial fiscal burden does not create favorable conditions for the national entrepreneurial development. Therefore, further reforms in this sphere as well as a more productive cooperation with international partners and organizations are required. State of Health The current state of health in Colombia is not optimal even in comparison with other developing countries. The current life expectancy in Colombia is equal to 78.1 years. More specifically, it is 81.0 years for women and 75.1 years for men (WHO, 2015). The major causes of deaths in Colombia include coronary heart disease (17%), violence (11%), stroke (8%), lung disease (6%), and influenza (5%). HIV/AIDS is the 19th cause of death in the country. The current healthcare expenditure per capita is $533 (The World Bank, 2015). Although it is much lower than that of the developed countries, it is better than in many neighboring developing countries. Colombia also has unsatisfactory rates of cancer development in the country. The most common types of cancer include prostate cancer (16%), breast cancer (13%), stomach cancer (13%), lung cancers (11%), and cervical cancer (9%) (WHO, 2015). In comparison with other countries, Colombia has a weak position in relation to diseases associated with other neoplasms (8.6%), and it is the third largest level of this disease in the world. Colombia has a strong position in relation to oral cancer (1.5%) and uterin cancer (1%) (WHO, 2015). The smoking percentage is 31% among males and 5% among females. This level is much lower than the average one in the world. Thus, the health state regarding smoking is satisfactory. The obesity percentage is 16.1% among males and 25.7% among females. These levels are also satisfactory in comparison with other countries of the world. However, the current happiness score based on people’s subjective assessment of their living conditions in Colombia is 6. 5, which makes it an average result compared to other countries of the world (WHO, 2015). The probability of dying between 15 and 60 is 148 per 1,000 for males and 73 per 1,000 for females. The life expectancy at birth is equal to 75 years for men and 81 years for women (WHO, 2015). In general, women have much better health in comparison with men. Malaria is a serious health problem in Colombia. The country’s population has the following epidemiological profile. 15% of the population are characterized by a high transmission (1 case per 1,000 people) and 8% of the population are characterized by a low transmission (1 case per 1,000 people) (WHO, 2015). Taking into account this situation, the national healthcare agencies should be more oriented towards preventing the occurrence of such epidemic threats in the future. Tuberculosis is also a serious problem in the country. Although its rates tend to decline, they are still below the satisfactory level. The dynamics of tuberculosis in Colombia is presented in Fig. 4 (WHO, 2015). The country has achieved a substantial progress for the previous 10 years, but the number of tuberculosis patients is still comparatively high. Violence is highly widespread in Colombia. It is the second major cause of death in the country. Moreover, the rates of violence are the seventh highest in the world (WHO, 2015). The annual number of deaths in Colombia caused by violence is equal to 18,075, and constitutes more than 10% of total deaths (WHO, 2015). The death rate is 37.6 per 100,000 of the population being among the highest in the world. One of the possible indirect causes of violence in the country is the illegal drug trade in Colombia. As the government is unable to reduce the distribution of drugs in the country, this social aspect remains almost unregulated. Criminals prefer using violent methods to achieve their objectives. Moreover, criminals often use Colombia as a center of the drug distribution to other countries and regions of the world. Road traffic accidents are also widespread in the country. They constitute the sixth major cause of deaths in Colombia. The annual number of deaths because of road traffic accidents equals to 7,813 (4.6% of the total number of deaths) (WHO, 2015). The age adjusted death rate in Colombia is 17.05 per 100,000, which makes it approximately the average level compared to other countries of the world. Culture/Traditional Medicine Culture is both diverse and well-developed in Colombia. Due to the country’s geographical location, it experiences the impact of many cultures and traditions. Both European and Native American views are widespread and coexist with one another. Moreover, in this environment, new cultural approaches are applied. The national Ministry of Culture is responsible for solving the most urgent problems in this area as well as promoting Colombian culture abroad. The national culture reflects the current social and economic trends such as globalization, migration and industrialization. Colombian culture both experiences the impact of other cultures and affects the global cultural environment. The most well-known writer from Colombia is Gabriel Garcia Marquez. He is a Nobel Prize winner and one of the most influential novelists of the 20th century. The most popular music genres in Colombia include salsa, pop, rock, cumbia, etc. Shakira is the most famous Colombian pop-singer. Colombian music is very popular in the world because an effective cooperation between the private and public sectors exist in this context. Colombian cuisine is very different from cuisines of other countries. It includes many tropical fruits, soups, unique desserts and beverages such as coffee, cholado, and juices. Football, motor racing and boxing are the most popular kinds of sports in Colombia. In general, the country is well-integrated into the global sports system. Traditional medicine is very popular in Colombia both for historical reasons and due to the comparatively low economic level of the population. Around 40% of the Colombian population relies on traditional medicine in various forms. It is the most popular kind of healthcare in the northern part of the country. Homeopathy has been recognized by the government as a legitimate system of medicine since 1905. The standardized requirements were implemented by the government in 1914 (WHO, 2015). In general, traditional medicine principles continue being highly popular in the country. They are of high demand not only among the members of the lower classes but also other social groups. Healthcare System and Delivery The healthcare system in Colombia is based on the close cooperation between the government and non-government agencies. The government performs the majority of controlling functions and organizes the work of other stakeholders. Non-governmental organizations are free to introduce innovations and realize independent projects as far as they do not contradict the existing norms and regulations. The general supervision of the healthcare industry is provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia. It aims at providing the universal access to healthcare services for all Colombian citizens. It participates in all social projects that are related to healthcare issues. It tries to organize the public policy initiatives in an optimal way. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection is responsible for presenting and advocating for the national interests in the sphere of healthcare. The ministry investigates the long-term trends related to the quality of healthcare and life and designs the corresponding interventions. Colombia experiences problems with the availability of nurses in the country. The current ratio is 1 nurse per 1,000 people (The World Bank, 2015). As the Colombia’s population is equal to around 48 million people, the number of nurses is around 48,000 professionals, and this does not allow satisfying the total demand for nurses and care in the country. The fraction of physicians in the country is lower in comparison with nurses. This situation is typical for both developed and developing countries. There is no need to educate and train as many physicians as nurses due to the specific structure of demand for healthcare services. The current number of physicians is 0.7 per 1,000 people (The World Bank, 2015). It means that the current number of physicians is around 33,600 professionals in Colombia. It seems to be satisfactory and adequate regarding the existing healthcare issues and threats in the country. Colombia has a centralized system of nursing education. Licensure and similar functions are performed by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection while the nursing education is mostly organized by the Ministry of Education. In general, the government is able to regulate the performance of both of these Ministries in a way to achieve the maximum possible synergic effect. Both Ministries orient not only to the current level of healthcare needs but also to the expected future state of consumer demand. The government tries to allocate the available scarce resources rationally to promote the social well-being of the population. Colombia does not have a well-established network of healthcare organizations and tries to integrate its operations in the global healthcare system through cooperating with international nursing organizations. These include the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, the Association of Child Neurology Nurses, the Emergency Nurses Association, etc. Colombia aims at expanding its cooperation with international nursing organizations. Health Priorities Colombia has several health priorities that should be addressed in the near future. It means that these issues require the close attention and the effective coordination of efforts between the public and private sectors. The first health priority is minimizing the spreading of coronary heart disease as it causes around 17% of all deaths in the country (WHO, 2015). It seems that the complex national strategy should be implemented to solve this problem. The government should increase its funding of healthcare initiatives related to dealing with the causes and effects of coronary heart disease. Consequently, healthcare providers should develop innovative mechanisms to address this problem. The second health priority is minimizing the scope of violence in the country. It is a very serious problem because violence causes around 10% of deaths in the country, and the scope of violence is among the largest in all countries of the world (WHO, 2015). This problem is not only related to health but also requires improving the existing situation with illegal drug trade and other similar problems. The third health priority is examining tuberculosis- and malaria-related threats. Currently, Colombia is able to control the transmission of these diseases, but the risk and potential social harm are very high. Therefore, close attention should be paid to the epidemiological situation in the country. The fourth health priority is addressing the problems related to men’s health as men experience higher health problems in comparison with women in all age groups (Semenic, DeBruyn, Ochoa-Marà ­n, 2014). The causes of this state of affairs should be specified (including broad econom ic and social factors), and the corresponding measures should be taken. Nursing Implications The stated health priorities will impact the overall national healthcare strategy. They are especially important for nurses as they are the ones who adjust the strategies accordingly. The first priority refers to helping patients cope with coronary heart disease. Nurses should both increase their qualification in this field and be able to identify patients’ symptoms at earlier stages. In this way, the treatment process can be improved substantially, and the overall mortality rates can be reduced. Nurses may also implement changes at the national level regarding a more active use of modern technologies. Currently, Colombia does not have the necessary amount of modern equipment especially in the northern regions of the country. If this problem is addressed, nurses may become more capable of minimizing the risks associated with coronary heart disease. The second health priority refers to violence-related issues. It seems that nurses cannot address this problem directly, but they can promote a more responsible attitude to one’s own health and that of others among the Colombian citizens. Nurses should focus on young people as they are often involved in the acts of violence (Mesurado et al., 2014). The third health priority is controlling the epidemiological situation in the country. Nurses should monitor the general epidemiological situation not only in Colombia but also other countries of Latin America (Caro Rios et al, 2014). In such a way, it is possible to identify the potential threats in advance and provide the corresponding preventive measures to the population. The fourth health priority refers to improving the health state of men as this gender group is in a disadvantaged position in the country. Nurses should identify the related problems and the ultimate causes of this tendency. In particular, drug-related issues should be addressed. Nurses should provide additional rehabilitative services for patients who require them. Thus, nurses should play a central role in addressing the selected health priorities. The close cooperation with international nursing organizations may contribute to designing an optimal long-term strategy that will take into account the interests of all parties involved as well as address all major risks and threats.

Does Iran have the capability to block the Strait of Hormuz Essay

Does Iran have the capability to block the Strait of Hormuz - Essay Example By using this large manpower, Iran could achieve temporary closure of the strait. The Iranian navy has bases all along the coast line of their country, together with a large naval air station and operative headquarters at Bandar Abbas situated on the north of the strait. The IRGCN has military outpost on the islands close to the straits such as Abu Musa, Larak, and Sirri.To protect all these straits along with establishing their strong hold over all these areas, Iran has also positioned pre-surveyed missile and air defence sites with satellite imagery of the southern coast of Larak, facing the strait.30In addition, Iran’s continuous effort to establish their rights over the islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, situated in between the channels in the west will help them drastically if they ever push any effort to closethe strait. So after analyzing all the above points, one can easily mentioned that Iran can afford to achieve a momentary closure of the strait. This temporar y closure of any such strait have a greater impact on the world politics and economy not only in terms of oil trading but at the same time if there are any kinds of military approach is implemented to reopen it. Although, there is a different set of argument posed by other schools of thought that even if Iran should accomplish a blockade on the strait it would be partial due to the fact that it would inviteintervention from the international powerhouses like, UK, USA, Germany and other top power houses, by using their technological power and military strength can easily resolve the situation within a shorter span of time as it was witnessed during the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War.31 Although all the above mentioned points are true, it is also significant to consider the fact that as Iran has large number of sea mines under their control so one cannot overlook their